There are two main types of glaucoma: open angle and angle closure.
Glaucoma is a common eye condition which can affect people of all ages. It is however most common in adults in their 70s and 80s. It is the most common cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. In most cases glaucoma is caused by an increase in the intraocular pressure. Your eye pressure results from the balance between the rate at which aqueous fluid is produced within the eye and the rate at which it leaves through the drainage angle of the eye. Glaucoma generally develops slowly over many years, damaging the optic nerve which connects the eye to the brain. Commonly the initial symptom of uncontrolled glaucoma is a painless loss of peripheral vision. It is essential to detect and treat raised intraocular to preserve optic nerve function. There are various types of glaucoma treatment.
There are two main types of glaucoma: open angle and angle closure.
There are usually no symptoms with open-angle glaucoma but the intraocular pressure is found to be raised during a routine eye test. Risk factors include family history of the condition, age, race, certain eye conditions and general health problems (eg diabetes, hypertension).
Angle closure occurs when the eye’s drainage angle becomes blocked, causing the intraocular pressure to suddenly and painfully increase. Some people are born with narrow drainage angles and are predisposed to angle closure, others develop it as a result of cataract, trauma or surgery.
The symptoms associated with glaucoma depend on its type and severity:
With angle closure the intraocular pressure can rise suddenly (acute angle closure) causing pain, red eye, halos, blurring of vision and nausea – this is an emergency and requires immediate treatment.
In open-angle glaucoma the intraocular pressure may increase very slowly with no associated pain.
The increasing pressure can damage the optic nerve affecting peripheral vision. Driving may become more difficult, only noticing hazards when they are in the centre of the field of vision.
The lack of obvious symptoms highlights the importance of you having regular eye checks, by optician or ophthalmologist, to detect increased intraocular pressure, reduced field of vision and narrow drainage angles.
My Eye Clinic can provide glaucoma treatment to reduce your elevated intraocular pressures by:
Either a single drop or a combination of drops
Only occasionally used for short term therapy
Either YAG Laser Iridotomy or Selective Laser Trabeculoplasty (SLT)
Cataract surgery alone, Minimally Invasive Glaucoma Surgery (MIGS), Trabeculectomy, Filtration (Tube) Surgery